The issue of ecology Essay Example for Free

The issue of ecology Essay The issue of ecology as a transnational issue has become highlighted with the intensification of world trade. As such, it becomes a global responsibility and a consideration in developing trade policies. As the primary governing body of international trade, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has been one of the pioneers in equating environmental responsibility with trade (Deal, 2002). At the same time there, has been regional efforts to standardize environmental laws to mitigate the impact of development in shared environs as illustrated by the efforts of the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Sampson, 1998). One of the efforts made by the WTO is the development of the Kyoto Protocol which is aiming to mitigate environmental issue particularly global warming by establishing a trade system for emissions. However, there has been a difficulty in the implementation of the regulation because of varying views on the policies as well as difficulty in monitoring emissions. At the same time, there have been some issues regarding the institution of multilateral agreements that are contradicting or undermining the Kyoto Protocol or the status of most favored nations (MFN) (Brewer, 2004). Focus For WTO members, the use of energy tax adjustments could have significant implications. The issue raises difficult environmental, trade policy issues, economic issues. It also raise the internalization of environmental costs and the â€Å"polluter pays† principle, the effects on trade competitiveness and relationship between the multilateral environmental agreements and WTO agreements. The main issue that whether Article III: 2 first provisions of the 1994 GATT or the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade ponders the use of border tax adjustment (BTA) on â€Å"final† products for taxes on the manufacture of inputs. Albeit the decision in Superfund case, discussed in the latter of this section, the question will turn on a proper analysis of the taxes â€Å"applied, directly or indirectly, to â€Å"the like products to be compared, as opposed to the overall â€Å"fiscal burden† on producers from taxes on inputs. The Kyoto Protocol and the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade In December 1997, the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention was adopted. Under Kyoto Protocol, only Annex 1 countries are subject to legally binding emissions reduction commitments for the commitment period 2008-2012 in post-2000 scenario. Annex 1 parties or developed countries have to meet individual emission reduction targets listed in Annex B of the Protocol. Developing countries or non-Annex 1 parties are not subject to specific emission reduction commitments. Though over 120 countries have ratified the Protocol but the Protocol has yet to come into force. U. S. A and other developed countries have to date indicated an intention not to ratify the Protocol. Another contention is with regards to Article 1, II, VI and VII of the GATT and their potential implication with border tax adjustments. Further, energy tax adjustments may be challengeable under Article XXIII: 1 [b] of 1994. Finally, Panel approach to WTO-consistency will be governed by the reasonableness of the specific measure and its appreciation of the wider international implications. Energy tax adjustments as per Article III: 2 first sentences could offer potentially broad scope for countries to apply energy tax adjustments as disguised barriers to trade. Such results would do little to serve the objectives of either the WTO multilateral trading system or the international response to climatic change. Border Tax Adjustment Border Tax Adjustment [BTA] is a tax levied on imported products to adjust or compensate for taxes levied on domestic product. The main goal of BTA is to ensure trade neutrality of domestic taxation and thereby safeguarding competitive equality between imported and domestic goods. BTA is not necessarily levied at the border and imports may be taxed at the point of sale or consumption. Sales tax, consumption taxes or excise duties, value added taxes are examples of domestic taxes that might be subject to BTA. Likewise, a BTA on imported energy products such as imported natural gas or diesel fuel and other fossil fuels for domestic excise duties would fall within this group. Though the taxes on energy have been levied by governments for fiscal purpose for long time, now there has been a change in trend to levy â€Å"energy tax† mainly for â€Å"environmental† purpose. Energy tax is being levied on energy inputs such as coal ,electricity or gasoline which in turn calculated in value terms , or on the basis of its content of carbon of fossil fuels which is also known as â€Å"carbon taxes†. As of now, there exists no border tax adjustment scheme in place for taxes on energy inputs employed in the production of final products. However, European and other high energy taxing governments are contemplating to introduce such measures in near future due to the pressure exerted by environmental and industry groups. But there are increasing pressures from environmental groups to enforce strictly trade measures to enforce Kyoto Protocol objectives against non-signatories like United States. These environment groups regard the U. S. rejection of the Kyoto protocol is unfair as it places the European business at a disadvantage. They argue that Europe has the right to penalize the U. S goods for the pollution they cause under â€Å"Polluters pay â€Å"policy. Cases for Consideration A BTA can be applied on final goods or on inputs used in the production process. An example is the border tax adjustment on imports of aluminum’s for taxes on energy used in the production process as taxes are being levied on embodied energy in the final good that are adjusted, as opposed to taxes on the final goods itself. These measures are regarded as contentious with linkage to WTO trade and environmental debate. Albeit the Appellate body’s findings in the United States – Shrimp dispute, the exercise of trade measures applied on the basis of process and production methods (PPM) – in this case embodied taxes, carbon or energy –remains highly contentious. BTA for domestic taxes on energy inputs also raise significant equity and sovereignty concerns on the use of trade measures to inflict domestic environmental or taxation systems on other countries. Super Fund The case is against levy of superfund tax by U. S. A on petrochemicals and other chemicals and inputs when imported and sold in U. S and no tax is levied when it is exported out of U. S. U. S claimed that the aim of the tax was to compensate the cleaning up cost of hazardous waste sites and towards public health programs. When an importer fails to provide the details of input which he imported, then a penalty tax rate of 5 % was imposed. The GATT panel ruled that the tax on imported substance was a tax ‘directly imposed on products’ and hence eligible for border tax adjustments. The panel held the US super tax would be consistent with the Article III: 2 first sentence as long as it is equivalent to tax borne by the like domestic substances. The U. S direction to provide the information of inputs may make such information available to trade competitors and would have a real effect in discouraging trade. In this case, it appeared that neither the GATT Panel nor the parties sought to distinguish between the tax applied to the imported products, the like domestic products or the chemical products used in the production of the like domestic products. The Panel seemed to accept the US argument that the imported product and that the like domestic product was subject to the same â€Å"fiscal burden†.

IVF - In Vitro Fertilization :: essays research papers

10, 000 Australian couples are treated with IVF each year. The expensive and rather risky program (costing around $4000 excluding overheads) allows infertile couples to achieve pregnancy when conventional therapy has failed or is unacceptable. The procedure involves placing eggs that have been fertilised in a cultured dish directly into the uterus. A successful procedure will go as follows: - Couples are counselled about their situation and informed on the procedure, their obligations and rights. - Medical history, physical examination and other related tests are taken to determine candidacy. - The woman receives hormone injections (Human Menopausal Gonadotropin and recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) to stimulate development of the ovarian follicles which contain eggs. Frequent blood tests are taken to monitor hormone secretion from the ovary and pituitary gland. - When eggs are ripe, they are retrieved by transvaginal needle aspiration, guided by ultrasound. At the same time, semen samples from the husband (or donor) are obtained. The most active and healthy sperm are selected by forcing them to swim through a culture medium. - The egg and sperm are placed together in a suitable medium for fertilisation to occur in a culture dish. If fertilisation does not occur after 72 hours, the oocytes (incompletely developed eggs) and sperm are disposed of. The resulting embryos are observed for the next few days. - A small plastic tube is inserted through cervix to place embryos into the uterus. The patient is able to go home a few hours later with minimal discomfort. During the first two weeks after embryonic transfer, hormones (such as Progesterone or HCG) may be administered. The procedure above can bring either joy or disappointment. A successful patient from the Atlanta Reproductive Healthcare Center states: “For all of us, hearing that we are pregnant will be the most wonderful news. But remember, as easily as they told you that you are pregnant, it can be just as easy for them to tell you that you have lost your child.'; Of the 10,000 people treated each year in Australia, there is a 92% failure rate. More often than not, something goes wrong and couples are left with a hefty medical bill, no pregnancy and compounded emotional stress. Every stage of IVF contains and element of risk, from the administration of drugs to the actual birth of the child. Woman who undergo IVF are at risk of experiencing serious side effects. Many of these are caused by the

Inclusion Is Thought To Be A Complex Education Essay

In general, inclusion of kids with particular educational demands in mainstream schools is an of import issue and all European states now have statute laws promoting inclusive educational scenes. ( Evans & A ; Lunt, 2002 ) . Even though inclusion has obtained assorted significances throughout the old ages, since the debut of the term in Warnock Report ( 1978 ) but besides through many Codes of Practice, the significance of effectual inclusion is still unclarified. ( Nind & A ; Wearmouth,2006 ) . So, it seems necessary, harmonizing to Unicef ( 2012 ) , to know apart inclusion from two other footings. First, segregation in which students are distributed to particular schools harmonizing to their damage. Second, from integrating in which pupils can be placed in mainstream schools but in separate, particular demands ‘ schoolrooms and be portion of this educational seeting every bit long as they adapt to its environment. Nevertheless, inclusion has a more embracing significance as i t proposes the suspension of all boundaries and a common assimilation of societal, cultural, curricular individuality of the kid but besides of the whole system. ( Nowich,2008 ; G, Richards et Armstrong 2011 ) . UNESCO refers this assimilation by stressing the duty of the society to offer instruction to everybody and by specifying that inclusion as a â€Å" procedure of increasing engagement in acquisition, civilizations and communities and cut downing exclusion within and from instruction † ( Unicef 2012,4p ) . This combination of increasing entree and besides of extinguishing exclusions led Booth ( 2003 ) to believe inclusion as an eternal process. However, it is something more than puting all kids, including those with SEN, in the same setting.It is, in contrast to integrating, the version of school to childrens ‘ demands. ( Heat et al. 2004 ) . However, it is non easy to comprehend the term of inclusion in theory but besides in practice.That is why Giddens ( 1994 ) refers to an â€Å" Utopian pragmatism † that many desire but few truly believe it can go on ( Croll & A ; Moses, 2000 ) while Slee ( 2004 ) metaphorically says that inclusion has become â€Å" jet lagged † in order to exemplify the assortment of definitions existed for inclusion throughout the years.Indeed, inclusion is hard to be understood and identified because of its diverseness and the deficiency of a planetary significance as in many states it is confused with integrating ( Armstrong,2005 ) . What is of import to comprehend is that we should see inclusion in a wider context in order to accomplish it.This agencies that if the purpose of extinguishing unintegrated instruction is successful, it is merely because society believes in inclusion and topographic points accent on persons ‘ rights and non on their acquisition troubles ( Thomas, 1997 ) . So, it is a affair of handling all kids every bit and non merely in the same manner ( Wedell, 2008 ) . This can be managed through a transmutation in the whole society and its rules and afterwards in every smaller context such as the educational 1†¦ . On the other manus, SEBD is besides considered a obscure term and hard to be understood because of deficiency of lucidity and the diverseness of their features. Consequently, inclusion of kids who are labelled as holding SEBD raises many treatments throughout the old ages. ( Cole & A ; Knowles 2011 ) .Nevertheless, it was non until 1981 through the Education Act that emotional and behavioral troubles ( EBD ) as a term was introduced and accepted for the first time.The old Educational Act ( 1944 ) had instigated the term â€Å" maladjusted † by doing a more medical attack of these troubles whereas in the 19th century, these students were confused with delinquents or â€Å" mental defectives † . ( Cole & A ; Knowles 30p. ) However, despite the abolition of †maladjusted kids † as a definition, the Education Act continued to advance integrating and non the inclusion of people with particular demands in general†¦ ..Besides, this advancement from covering the se pupils as being maladjusted or holding emotional upsets to kids with multiple troubles was besides considerable for switching off from the medical theoretical account and traveling towards the societal 1†¦ †¦ Many research workers argue that there is non a globally accepted definition for kids with emotional and behavioral troubles ( see e.g Benett & A ; Aalsvoort, 2005 ) even though many alterations in policy have been made through governmental paperss in order to advance inclusion of these pupils in mainstream schools ( Goodman, 2010 ) . It is used as a â€Å" quasi-official term † that concerns pupils ‘ behavior described as â€Å" riotous † , â€Å" exlcuded † , â€Å" disputing † or â€Å" at hazard † ( Clough, Garner, Pardek, Yuen 2005 p.7 ) . Despite the vagueness and the multiple definitions existed, there have been many governmental alterations that increase the opportunities for pupils with SEN such as those characterised as holding SEBD to be portion of mainstream instruction. ( Goodman & A ; Burton 2010 ) . For case, SEN Code of Practice explains SEBD as: â€Å" a acquisition trouble where kids and immature people demonstrate characteristics of emotional and behavioral troubles such as: being withdrawn or isolated, interrupting and disrupted ; being overactive and deficient concentration ; holding immature societal accomplishments ; or showing disputing behavior originating from other complex particular demands † ( DCSF 2008, paragraph 49 ) . Indeed, it is an imprecise term, as Goodman and Burton note, that is connected with many different behaviors, internalizing and projecting but besides with other troubles such as the job in acquisition or the hyperactivity. However, one of the most of import issues that might be raised is how teaching and inclusion can be effectual when the significance of umbrella footings such as SEN or SEBD have so many premises. ( Campbell 2002 ) .Furthermore, contemplations should be made about how to gain the purposes of inclusion and why all these barriers for its accomplishment exist.Is it appropriate to speak about a spread between theory and pattern? Jull ( 2009 ) summarises that inclusion of kids with SEBD faces many jobs in execution because of deficiency of educational and administrative administration but besides because of the behavior itself of pupils as the chief trouble to accomplish inclusion.Indeed, kids with SEBD are at great hazard of being excluded ( DfeS, 2004 ) as their antis ocial behavior is thought to be a great challenge ( White Paper 2010 ; Green Paper, 2007 ) . The troubles briefly outlined above high spot the complexness of inclusion of kids identified as holding SEBD in UK context as there is a scope of issues, challenges and quandary being raised. As a consequence, after analyzing these barriers, I will propose possible ways frontward to get the better of them. Furthermore, I will reason that despite the jobs and contemplations, inclusion can be achieved but in order to be effectual, a whole transmutation must be occurred in society and educational scenes. Therefore, I will do connexions to my ain personal experience in Greece as a six months volunteer instructor of handicraft and linguistic communication to striplings and grownups with high-functioning autism and Down syndrome who besides faced emotional and behavioral diificulties.

A Brief Note On The And The Holocaust - 1814 Words

Theodicy and the Holocaust The Holocaust was the defining event of the modern era for Judaism. It changed the Jewish community’s perception of the world, as well as the world’s perception of the Jewish community. It cost six million people their lives, eliminating about one third of the Jewish population. Mankind witnessed the most destructive act of evil it has ever seen. Evil, in fact, seems an understatement. The horrors of the Holocaust are inexplicable, ever more so for those that did not experience it. But even after such an event, the faith of the Jewish people is strong perhaps stronger now than it ever has been before. Still, for the believer it is often difficult to reconcile the notion of an all power God with the Holocaust,†¦show more content†¦But if your heart turns away... I declare to you this day that you shall certainly perish.† God is a God of justice and goodness punishing those who do not live an ethical life. It seems, from reading the bible that His existence is intertwined with the lives of humans and (acts in history by destroying the sinners and causing the righteous to prosper. That God will ensure that the good accrue fortune and the bad suffer. In the words of Isaiah, â€Å"I will requite to the world its evil, and to the wicked their iniquity.† but if this is what the bible tells us of God, why does He not put a stop to the bad? For the faithful it is often difficult to reconcile this portrayal of God with the acts of evil we witness and read about in history. Why does fortune accrue to sinners and unwarranted suffering to the innocent? Why do God’s people - the Israelites - continue to suffer throughout all of time? How did a good and omnipotent God not interfere in the extermination of six million: or one third, of His people during the Holocaust? In the words of Richard Rubenste in, there is an apparent â€Å"conflict between faith and reason.† Since the Hebrew bible does not offer a simple answer to such inquiries, believers throughout history have attempted to provide their own rational explanations. The philosophical and ethical attempt to justify the existence of God in light of suchShow MoreRelatedThis Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen1246 Words   |  5 PagesThe sullen narrative This Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen poignantly recounts the events of a typical day in a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. The author, Tadeusz Borowski, was Polish Holocaust survivor of Auschwitz, the series of death camps responsible for the deaths of the largest number of European Jews. Recounted from a first-person point of view, the novel unfolds at dawn as the unnamed narrator eats breakfast with a friend and fellow prisoner, Henri. Henri is a member ofRead MoreEssay Josef Mengele, The Angel of Death1417 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the Holocaust Years, and shortly afterwards, there was a man that struck fear in the people imprisoned in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp – â€Å"the Angel of Death†. He was a man who showed up for selections with a demeanor that made one think he was handsome and debonair yet, one could not possibly think of the monstrosities that he committed during World War II. Even more disturbing is that â€Å"wherever he sprang up, Death spread its shadow.† (Wiesel xix) In 1911, Karl and WalburgaRead MoreFreedom Writers Analysis Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom Writers Director: Richard LaGravenese Brief outline of story: The storyline of the movie takes place between 1992-1995. Beginning with scenes from the 1992 Los Angeles Riots. Hilary Swank plays the role of Erin Gruwell, a new, excited schoolteacher who leaves the safety of her hometown, Newport Beach, to teach at Woodrow Wilson High School in Long Beach, a formerly high achieving school which has recently had an integration program put in place. Her enthusiasm is quickly challengedRead MoreOrdinary Men b Christopher Browning Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagesanti-Semitic fervor, which in turn, acted as the catalyst for the events that would unfold into the Holocaust. It is at this juncture in the debate of why ordinary Germans committed the crimes they did, that Browning proposes his own theory on the matter. 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Valerie was sent to a detention facility for being a lesbian and then had medical experiments performed on her, reminiscent of persecution of gays and Jews in Nazi Germany (see Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust). The name of Adam Sutler is inspired by the name of Adolf Hitler. Sutlers hysterical speech is also inspired from Hitlers style of speech although his targets for persecution now include Muslims rather than Jews. Norsefire has replaced St GeorgesRead MoreThe Mask Of Chivalry : The Making Of The Second Ku Klux Klan1706 Words   |  7 PagesKlansmen in the Athens local chapter, or klavern. The book contains over 250 pages of information about the Klan, including its economic downfall in 1925. In summary, the book talks vividly about the rise and reasoning of the Ku Klux Klan in 1915 and a brief background about the founder, William Joseph Simmons. It also focused on members of the Ku Klux Klan in Clarke County, Georgia. This revival of the original KKK, that formed after the Civil War, now hated everyone that wasn’t one of them, a WASPRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust1960 Words   |  8 PagesIn recent years the study of the Holocaust has been one of the most interesting topics for historians to debate and analyze. There are so many different topics to consider and to discuss them all would exceed the scope of this paper. In particular, many historians like to understand what events and actions ultimately led to the Holocaust. Many scholars have debated and interpreted the process that led to such a tragic time in history. Despite many scholarly opinions, it is evident that scholars tendRead MoreEssay on The Mischlinge: The Forgotten Victims of The Holocaust2 506 Words   |  11 PagesThose of half and quarter Jewish descent remain largely forgotten in the history of the Third Reich and genocide of the Holocaust. 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Parkinson s Disease ( Pd ) - 1361 Words

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is progressive, incurable and debilitating. The disease is caused by a loss of dopamine producing neurons in the brainstem which leads primarily to motor deficits. In Australia, 1 in 350 people live with PD and the prevalence is quickly growing (Parkinson s Queensland, 2014). While most of the people diagnosed with PD are over 65 years old, people as young as 30 can develop the condition (Parkinson s Queensland, 2014). Currently, there is no known cure for the disease and thus treatment options are limited, meaning that those living with PD, will have to manage the condition for the rest of their life. While PD is often viewed as impacting only the older generation, the effect of the condition is multi-generational. There is a high burden of care for those with PD as they may become completely dependent in most of their activities of daily living (ADL), this impacting on the role of the spouse, family and health car e workers. It is therefore important for those with PD to remain as independent as possible, for as long as possible while maintaining a quality of life that is meaningful and satisfying to them. This is why occupational therapists with their unique focus on activities and meaning making, play an important role in PD management. In a patient with PD, neurodegeneration occurs primarily in the basal ganglia and causes dysfunction of the motor loop. As this circuit is responsible for the regulationShow MoreRelatedThe Parkinson s Disease ( Pd )1058 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Parkinson s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer s disease (Lang and Lozano, 1998). 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The scope of the review is to focus on the motor symptoms of PD, rather than the causes, pathogenesisRead MoreParkinsonS Disease, Also Known As Pd, Shaking Palsy, And1530 Words   |  7 Pages Parkinson s disease, also known as PD, shaking palsy, and paralysis agitans is an idiopathic neurodegenerative disorder; it rises from an unknown cause and increases in severity over time (Ronken). The disease was named after English physician James Parkinson, who first described it in 1817 (Weiner). PD can be defined as the degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra, which is the area of the brain that contains dopamine cells and regulates movement. As the degeneration of neurons occurs,Read MoreIs Parkinson Disease A Disease?1290 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson Disease Danielle West University Of Arkansas Fort Smith Medical Terminology Fall of 2015 Introduction Parkinson is a disease that is a glitch in the neurons in the brain, which frequently affects the substantia nigra. Part of the dying neurons produces a chemical called dopamine. As this progresses, the dopamine in the brain decreases. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain which helps the body regulate coordination and movement in the body. Once Parkinson Disease (PD)Read MoreActive Music Therapy For Parkinson s Disease : An Integrative Method For Motor And Emotional Rehabilitation971 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Active Music Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease: An Integrative Method for Motor and Emotional Rehabilitation† by Claudio Pacchetti, MD, Francesca Manni, MD, Roberto Aglieri, Cira Fundaro, MD, Emilia Martignoni, MD, and Giuseppe Nappi, MD published in Psychosomatic Medicine (2000) states that active music therapy is an effective method of rehabilitation for Parkinson’s Disease. As of now Parkinson’s disease (PD) has no effective cure, so all that can be done for those that are affected

Definition Of Moderate Drinking For Women Essay - 936 Words

Current State By current and supportive research, the definition of moderate drinking for women is a maximum of three to four standard drinks per drinking episode, and no more than nine drinks per week. By this standard, it is important to define what a standard drink is by measurement. A standard drink is any drink that contains approximately fourteen grams or one point two tablespoons of pure alcohol. So for example this would mean that a twelve ounce beer that is five percent alcohol or a five ounce glass of wine that is twelve percent alcohol would be one standard drink (National Institute on Alcohol, n. d.). Even though this is the standard, the weakness of this method is that it doesn’t take into account the age, height, and weight of the individual nor any underlying medical conditions or medications they may have that could askew this standard number of drinks that can be had. For instance, a thirty year old, two hundred pound female will metabolize alcohol better than an eighty year old woman who is only ninety pounds. It takes roughly one drink per forty pounds of body weight per hour to make a person’s blood alcohol level reach zero point zero eight percent, and it takes about an hour for the body to metabolize one standard drink. So another way to define what moderate drinking means is by vaguely defining it as moderate drinkers do not drink to get drunk (Moderatedrinking.com, n. d.). In assuming that the individual is a moderate drinker by definition, thisShow MoreRelatedWhy The Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1582 Words   |  7 PagesWhy the Legal Drinking Age should Be Lowered Ever since its creation in ancient times, alcohol has been used for many reasons and purposes. Since then, controversies have risen on the topic of alcohol consumption and production. Among these controversies is that of the legal drinking age. While that age is 21 years, the legal age for smoking and for holding political posts is 18 years, and the legal age for consent for sex is 16 years – two of which are activities that are equally, if not more,Read MoreEssay on Informative Speech631 Words   |  3 Pagescategories: (1) Content (2) Organization (3) Sources (4) Achievement of specific purpose (5) Symbolization SPS: To inform my audience about binge drinking on college campuses. CIS: Binge drinking is a significant problem on college campuses, there are alarming statistics about the prevalence of binge drinking, and how binge drinking affects the lives of other students. Org Pattern: Topical Introduction I. Have you ever been to a party and drank too much? How much is too much? IIRead MorePrenatal Alcohol Exposure And Childhood Behavior At Age 6822 Words   |  4 Pagesin comparison to children who had not been subjected to alcohol. The alcohol intake was categorized in three levels: no, low (0 but 0.3 fl oz of absolute alcohol/d), and moderate/ heavy (≠¥0.3 fl oz of absolute alcohol/d). However, there is no straightforward idea of â€Å"low†, â€Å"moderate†, and â€Å"heavy.† The operational definition for the independent variable is the amount of alcohol that was consumed in the two weeks prior the visit of the study. 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Business Idea and Components of Business- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Idea and Components of Business Model. Answer: Introduction The business idea that I have chosen for the new venture is an organic product line and a movable organic food delivery service. The risk of obesity is increasing in Australia; according to statistics around 63% adults are overweight and suffering from obesity (AIHW, 2017). This has led to the demand of healthy and chemical free food products which can contribute in developing healthy eating which will result into a healthier lifestyle. My business idea includes organic products which will include organic food products such as cold pressed juices, organic snacks, vegetables, fruits and organic baby food products. Food delivery market has been growing at a rapid pace over these years. Every individual is willing to pay more for the sake of convenience and saving time. According to the data, Australian audience visit fast food outlet 51.5 million time per month, which has significantly increases the risk of diabetes and other heart diseases (Campbell, 2016). This has generated the need for healthier eating outlets (BBC, 2017). The food delivery service will be initiated in a van which will be placed at major outlets of the city. The ingredients used will be organic and fair trade marked. Fair trade products will not only help the business to achieve sustainability but also improve the lives of farmers (Foe, 2017). The Food delivery service will include breakfast, lunch and dinner boxed meal which will be healthy and tasty. Organic food is many times associated with green vegetables and that is why kids and adults dont find them tempting enough to switch them with their fast food options. But the menu of the organic food will consist of variety of delicious and healthier options which can attract the crowd. Business Model Components: A business model shows the how an organization will operate into the future, what will be their main business, how they will approach the target audience etc. The components of business model with respect to my business idea are: Product and services: The product line that will be offered by the new business venture is organic food products and organic meal services by a food delivery van. They will provide the meal boxes of Breakfast, lunch and dinner. Value proposition: With the increased consumption of fast food among the Australian public has led to the increase in the demand for the organic and healthy food products. The organic products will be fair trade marked and the ingredients will be of organic grade quality. Target Market segment: The target market for the food delivery service will be office going individuals because they are not able to cook a healthy three time meals for themselves due to lack of time and fast paced corporate life. As a result they rely on fast food which increases potential health risk. The target market for organic products will be every individual of Australia. The range of products will satisfy the need of adult, babies and senior age people. Distribution channel: The distribution channel for the food delivery service will be through delivery vans placed at every convenient location of the city. From malls to parks, the food will be available to everyone. The reason for choosing a van rather than a caf is because the venture is new; deliver van is a more feasible option than a caf. Organic food is generally priced on a higher side than the fast food. In order to persuade people to try out menu options the operation cost should be controlled so that they dont reflect in the food prices. The distribution channel for the organic food products will be through retail outlets such as Woolworths and Coles. The product will be fairly priced so that they can catch the attention of the audience. Pricing Strategy: As mentioned above the fast food is less expensive than the organic food but the health cost in consuming the fast food is much high. The pricing method used will be cost plus pricing method which will include the delivery van rent and cost involved in making and delivering food and organic products will be considered. The profit margin should be kept low in order to survive the competition. Competitors: Australian food market is flooded with many organic food caf chains such as AboutLife, Earth to table, Thrive etc. (The fit foodie, 2014). But what differentiates our product is a delivery van offering organic meal boxes at affordable prices. In the retail industry there are many competitors but the target market of our product is vast and offers to fulfill the needs of larger audience. References: BBC (2017)The risks of a poor diet and being overweight.BBC, London. Retrieved fromhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/healthyliving/dietrisk.shtmlon 10 May 2017. AIHW. (2017). Overweight and obesity. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/overweight-and-obesity/ on 10 May 2017. Campbell, L. (2016). Shocking Statistics That Illustrate Australia's Obesity Problem. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/02/24/australia-obesity-statistics_n_9154422.html on 10 May 2017. Foe. (2017). The benefits of Fairtrade. Retrieved from https://www.foe.co.uk/living/articles/benefits-fairtrade on 10 May 2017. The fit foodie. (2014). TOP 10 HEALTHY EATS IN SYDNEY. Retrieved from https://the-fit-foodie.com/top-10-healthy-eats-sydney/ on 9 May 2017.